The kell blood group blood groups and red cell antigens. There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens a and b on the surface of red blood cells. Group a has only the a antigen on red cells and b antibody in the plasma group b has only the b antigen on red cells and a antibody in the plasma powerpoint ppt presentation free. Sociologists use the term reference group for such groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behaviour. The abo system is the main blood grouping system behind the principle that helps classify people into one of the following four groups, i. Blood group systems smart 2008 isbt science series. Mom dad offsprin g blood group aa bb 100% ab bo oo 50% each of b or o oo oo 100% o oo ao 50% each of a or o examples 19. The type of sugar added determines the blood group. Rh blood group is assigned the prefix 004 each antigen assigned to the rh blood group is given a unique number to complete the six digit number. The two main blood group systems in transfusion practice are the abo system and the rh d type. Blood components lesson plan, ppt, worksheet teaching. Blood transfusion reactions causes assessment findings nursing interventions 3.
Presence of rh antigen on red blood cells, then that particular blood is positive, if rh is absent then it is negative. Individuals inherit a gene which codes for specific sugars to be added to the red cell. Abo and rhesus are both types of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. Within the abo system, people can be one of four groups o, a, b or ab. In 1900 karl landsteiner reported a series of tests, which identified the abo blood group. Identification of the correct blood group is important to prevent reaction following transfusion. Thanks to those who have provided resources which i have based activities on. The lesson is designed to be able to be taught by a non specialist.
Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Some of the student resources are at the end of the powerpoint which is designed to lead students through the lesson. Inheritance of abo blood group follows mendelian law. Kherallah on different blood groups and their importance. Give the principle of determination of blood groups. Blood groups and their antibodies are being explored in immunity to sarscov2 march 18, 2020 10.
A mismatch very rare in modern medicine in this, or any other serotype, can cause a potentially fatal adverse reaction after a. The human blood consists of 4 main components, the red blood cells, the white blood cells, the plasma and the platelets. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Landsteiner found that there are substances in the blood, antigens and antibodies, that induce clumping of red cells when red cells of one type are added to those of a second type. However, if blood cells from atype or btype blood are mixed. Similarly, blood group b has only b antigens, blood group ab has both, and blood group o has neither a nor b antigens on the surface of the red blood cells. These four groups are the most important because they indicate which blood type a patient can safely receive in a transfusion. Abo basics blood group antigens are actually sugars attached to the red blood cell. Lesson covering the different components of blood and their roles. Transfusions blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or due to a serious injury. There are lots of other types but these are the most important. Blood group was invented by karl landsteiner in 1990 at the university of vienna. Paternity testing since the inheritance of the abo blood group system is very specific, this serves as one of the first methods to determine the likelihood that the accused father is the father or not.
The group o phenotype results from inactivation of the a1 glycosyltransferase gene, and the nonreducing ends of the. Rh blood group consists of 49 antigens most significant are d,c,e,c and e commonly used term rh factor refer to d antigen on rbcs surface 26. Among the 33 systems, abo remains the most important in transfusion and transplantation since any person above the age of 6 months possess clinically significant antia andor antib antibodies in their serum. Since the red cell antigens are inherited as dominant traits, a child cannot have a blood group antigen that is not present in one or both parents. The bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. Blood group a contains antibody against blood group b in serum and viceversa, while blood group o contains no ab antigen but both. He recognized three groups a, b, and obased on their reactions to each other.
Lesson on blood components and function teaching resources. An individuals blood type depends on which genes were passed on by their mother or father. This great contribution to medicine was made by landsteiner in 1900 when he observed that the serum of healthy humans not only has an agglutinating effect on animal blood corpuscles, but also on human blood. There are, however, two major codominant allelic genes that produce two important antigens. Abo grouping is a test performed to determine an individuals blood type. E antigen 004003 advantage over rosenfield is that it is a purely. Know the abo and rh systems for blood typing and their clinical significance. This means making sure that the donors blood is compatible with the patients blood, to minimise reactions during a transfusion and avoid any catastrophic consequences. Abod blood groups austin community college district. If you have not taken a look at aarp, they are constantly reupping their.
Frequency of abo, subgroup abo and rhd blood groups in. Blood group test is also important to regulate the blood type of a person. Know the different types of blood transfusions and their complications transfusion reactions. Dear readers, the most wellknown and medically important invention is blood group types. As it circulates throughout the body, blood transports substances essential to life, such as sugars, oxygen, and hormones. Ppt rh blood group system powerpoint presentation free. A transfusion also may be done if your body cant make blood properly because of an illness. Introduction to the rhesus blood group university of utah.
The frequency of abo blood groups in both rh positive and negative. Rh blood group system this system also discovered by karl land steiner1940 second important blood group system the main cause of hemolytic disease of new bornhdn 25. In a healthy person, approximately 5 liters 12 pints of blood circulates throughout their body. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Study the effect of rhesus factor in the case of erythroblastosis fetalis.
Alloantibodies to the kidd jk system are an important cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions see chapter 5. Kell antik alloantibodies can cause hdfn and it is important to avoid transfusing k positive red cells to k negative girls and women of childbearing potential. The red blood cells in otype blood do not have either atype or btype antigens on their surfaces, however otype blood serum contains antia and antib antibodies. In 1930, he belatedly received the nobel prize for his discovery of blood types. Red blood cells erythrocytes have certain proteins on their surface, called antigens. Blood groups are complex chemical systems found on the surface of blood cells. Blood groups system ab0 agglutinogens a, b on membrane of rbc. Although blood group studies cannot be used to prove paternity, they can provide unequivocal evidence that a male is not the father of a particular child. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn.
Over 50 important substances affect blood coagulation promoting. The abo system is the most important blood group system in transfusion therapy and was the first blood group system to be discovered. Describe the importance of blood groups determination in the process of blood. This is because all the blood groups are not the same. It is, therefore, essential to know the blood group through blood group test.
Blood coagulation conversion of the soluble plasma plasma protein fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin. It is based on the premise that individuals have antigens on their red blood cells rbcs that correspond to the four main blood groups. It is also crucial if one needs to go for blood transfusion or is donating blood. Blood group is decided whether it is positive or negative based on the rh factor present in it. Blood types explained a, b, ab and o red cross blood. Abo blood type identification and forensic science 1900. This diagram illustrates the terminal sugar for each blood group. Listed below are the blood group types and their importance. Different blood groups and their importance doctors.
Antibodies isohemagglutinins in an individuals plasma are directed against blood group antigens that their own rbcs. Blood typing is a test that determines a persons blood type. Because of this property, blood cells from otype blood do not cause clumping when mixed with atype or btype blood. The human abo blood groups were discovered by austrianborn american biologist karl landsteiner in 1901. The abo blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the a and b antigens on erythrocytes. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type or group classification systems currently recognized. Blood is a fluid connective tissue and the most crucial component of the circulatory system. B3galt3 synthesizes the p antigen from the pk antigen.
Febrile bacterial liposaccharides antileukocyte recipient antibodies directed against donor wbc chest tightness, chills, cough, facial flushing, fever up to 104 f40 c or an in t of 1 c, flank pain, headache, p, palpitations stop the infusion administer the. Knowing your blood type is important for blood donations and transfusion, and pregnancy health. International society of blood transfusion numeric terminology. Flourish on intense physical exercise and animal protein.
Blood groups and their antibodies are being explored. Lewis system, p system, i system, mns system, kell and duffy system, and luthern system. The relationship between blood groups and disease blood. The kell locus is highly polymorphic and gives rise to many kell antigens. Types of blood groups and their characteristics styles. Ii b, iii a receptors their platelets fail to aggregate the serious bleeding from mild injury. Also, your plasma contains antibodies which will attack certain antigens if they are present. In this article, blood groups and their types are explained in detail. One can find some very comprehensive charts and guides detailing the ideal food by blood type, but here is a basic layout of the main blood types and their corresponding dietary basics. These are the groups to which we psychologically identify with to which we may and may not belong but we may aspire to belong.
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